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- # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
- menu "Memory Management options"
- #
- # For some reason microblaze and nios2 hard code SWAP=n. Hopefully we can
- # add proper SWAP support to them, in which case this can be remove.
- #
- config ARCH_NO_SWAP
- bool
- menuconfig SWAP
- bool "Support for paging of anonymous memory (swap)"
- depends on MMU && BLOCK && !ARCH_NO_SWAP
- default y
- help
- This option allows you to choose whether you want to have support
- for so called swap devices or swap files in your kernel that are
- used to provide more virtual memory than the actual RAM present
- in your computer. If unsure say Y.
- config ZSWAP
- bool "Compressed cache for swap pages"
- depends on SWAP
- select CRYPTO
- select ZSMALLOC
- help
- A lightweight compressed cache for swap pages. It takes
- pages that are in the process of being swapped out and attempts to
- compress them into a dynamically allocated RAM-based memory pool.
- This can result in a significant I/O reduction on swap device and,
- in the case where decompressing from RAM is faster than swap device
- reads, can also improve workload performance.
- config ZSWAP_DEFAULT_ON
- bool "Enable the compressed cache for swap pages by default"
- depends on ZSWAP
- help
- If selected, the compressed cache for swap pages will be enabled
- at boot, otherwise it will be disabled.
- The selection made here can be overridden by using the kernel
- command line 'zswap.enabled=' option.
- config ZSWAP_SHRINKER_DEFAULT_ON
- bool "Shrink the zswap pool on memory pressure"
- depends on ZSWAP
- default n
- help
- If selected, the zswap shrinker will be enabled, and the pages
- stored in the zswap pool will become available for reclaim (i.e
- written back to the backing swap device) on memory pressure.
- This means that zswap writeback could happen even if the pool is
- not yet full, or the cgroup zswap limit has not been reached,
- reducing the chance that cold pages will reside in the zswap pool
- and consume memory indefinitely.
- choice
- prompt "Default compressor"
- depends on ZSWAP
- default ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZO
- help
- Selects the default compression algorithm for the compressed cache
- for swap pages.
- For an overview what kind of performance can be expected from
- a particular compression algorithm please refer to the benchmarks
- available at the following LWN page:
- https://lwn.net/Articles/751795/
- If in doubt, select 'LZO'.
- The selection made here can be overridden by using the kernel
- command line 'zswap.compressor=' option.
- config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_DEFLATE
- bool "Deflate"
- select CRYPTO_DEFLATE
- help
- Use the Deflate algorithm as the default compression algorithm.
- config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZO
- bool "LZO"
- select CRYPTO_LZO
- help
- Use the LZO algorithm as the default compression algorithm.
- config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_842
- bool "842"
- select CRYPTO_842
- help
- Use the 842 algorithm as the default compression algorithm.
- config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZ4
- bool "LZ4"
- select CRYPTO_LZ4
- help
- Use the LZ4 algorithm as the default compression algorithm.
- config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZ4HC
- bool "LZ4HC"
- select CRYPTO_LZ4HC
- help
- Use the LZ4HC algorithm as the default compression algorithm.
- config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_ZSTD
- bool "zstd"
- select CRYPTO_ZSTD
- help
- Use the zstd algorithm as the default compression algorithm.
- endchoice
- config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT
- string
- depends on ZSWAP
- default "deflate" if ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_DEFLATE
- default "lzo" if ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZO
- default "842" if ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_842
- default "lz4" if ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZ4
- default "lz4hc" if ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZ4HC
- default "zstd" if ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_ZSTD
- default ""
- config ZSMALLOC
- tristate
- if ZSMALLOC
- menu "Zsmalloc allocator options"
- depends on ZSMALLOC
- comment "Zsmalloc is a common backend allocator for zswap & zram"
- config ZSMALLOC_STAT
- bool "Export zsmalloc statistics"
- select DEBUG_FS
- help
- This option enables code in the zsmalloc to collect various
- statistics about what's happening in zsmalloc and exports that
- information to userspace via debugfs.
- If unsure, say N.
- config ZSMALLOC_CHAIN_SIZE
- int "Maximum number of physical pages per-zspage"
- default 8
- range 4 16
- help
- This option sets the upper limit on the number of physical pages
- that a zmalloc page (zspage) can consist of. The optimal zspage
- chain size is calculated for each size class during the
- initialization of the pool.
- Changing this option can alter the characteristics of size classes,
- such as the number of pages per zspage and the number of objects
- per zspage. This can also result in different configurations of
- the pool, as zsmalloc merges size classes with similar
- characteristics.
- For more information, see zsmalloc documentation.
- endmenu
- endif
- menu "Slab allocator options"
- config SLUB
- def_bool y
- select IRQ_WORK
- config KVFREE_RCU_BATCHED
- def_bool y
- depends on !SLUB_TINY && !TINY_RCU
- config SLUB_TINY
- bool "Configure for minimal memory footprint"
- depends on EXPERT && !COMPILE_TEST
- select SLAB_MERGE_DEFAULT
- help
- Configures the slab allocator in a way to achieve minimal memory
- footprint, sacrificing scalability, debugging and other features.
- This is intended only for the smallest system that had used the
- SLOB allocator and is not recommended for systems with more than
- 16MB RAM.
- If unsure, say N.
- config SLAB_MERGE_DEFAULT
- bool "Allow slab caches to be merged"
- default y
- help
- For reduced kernel memory fragmentation, slab caches can be
- merged when they share the same size and other characteristics.
- This carries a risk of kernel heap overflows being able to
- overwrite objects from merged caches (and more easily control
- cache layout), which makes such heap attacks easier to exploit
- by attackers. By keeping caches unmerged, these kinds of exploits
- can usually only damage objects in the same cache. To disable
- merging at runtime, "slab_nomerge" can be passed on the kernel
- command line.
- config SLAB_FREELIST_RANDOM
- bool "Randomize slab freelist"
- depends on !SLUB_TINY
- help
- Randomizes the freelist order used on creating new pages. This
- security feature reduces the predictability of the kernel slab
- allocator against heap overflows.
- config SLAB_FREELIST_HARDENED
- bool "Harden slab freelist metadata"
- depends on !SLUB_TINY
- help
- Many kernel heap attacks try to target slab cache metadata and
- other infrastructure. This options makes minor performance
- sacrifices to harden the kernel slab allocator against common
- freelist exploit methods.
- config SLAB_BUCKETS
- bool "Support allocation from separate kmalloc buckets"
- depends on !SLUB_TINY
- default SLAB_FREELIST_HARDENED
- help
- Kernel heap attacks frequently depend on being able to create
- specifically-sized allocations with user-controlled contents
- that will be allocated into the same kmalloc bucket as a
- target object. To avoid sharing these allocation buckets,
- provide an explicitly separated set of buckets to be used for
- user-controlled allocations. This may very slightly increase
- memory fragmentation, though in practice it's only a handful
- of extra pages since the bulk of user-controlled allocations
- are relatively long-lived.
- If unsure, say Y.
- config SLUB_STATS
- default n
- bool "Enable performance statistics"
- depends on SYSFS && !SLUB_TINY
- help
- The statistics are useful to debug slab allocation behavior in
- order find ways to optimize the allocator. This should never be
- enabled for production use since keeping statistics slows down
- the allocator by a few percentage points. The slabinfo command
- supports the determination of the most active slabs to figure
- out which slabs are relevant to a particular load.
- Try running: slabinfo -DA
- config RANDOM_KMALLOC_CACHES
- default n
- depends on !SLUB_TINY
- bool "Randomize slab caches for normal kmalloc"
- help
- A hardening feature that creates multiple copies of slab caches for
- normal kmalloc allocation and makes kmalloc randomly pick one based
- on code address, which makes the attackers more difficult to spray
- vulnerable memory objects on the heap for the purpose of exploiting
- memory vulnerabilities.
- Currently the number of copies is set to 16, a reasonably large value
- that effectively diverges the memory objects allocated for different
- subsystems or modules into different caches, at the expense of a
- limited degree of memory and CPU overhead that relates to hardware and
- system workload.
- endmenu # Slab allocator options
- config SHUFFLE_PAGE_ALLOCATOR
- bool "Page allocator randomization"
- default SLAB_FREELIST_RANDOM && ACPI_NUMA
- help
- Randomization of the page allocator improves the average
- utilization of a direct-mapped memory-side-cache. See section
- 5.2.27 Heterogeneous Memory Attribute Table (HMAT) in the ACPI
- 6.2a specification for an example of how a platform advertises
- the presence of a memory-side-cache. There are also incidental
- security benefits as it reduces the predictability of page
- allocations to compliment SLAB_FREELIST_RANDOM, but the
- default granularity of shuffling on the MAX_PAGE_ORDER i.e, 10th
- order of pages is selected based on cache utilization benefits
- on x86.
- While the randomization improves cache utilization it may
- negatively impact workloads on platforms without a cache. For
- this reason, by default, the randomization is not enabled even
- if SHUFFLE_PAGE_ALLOCATOR=y. The randomization may be force enabled
- with the 'page_alloc.shuffle' kernel command line parameter.
- Say Y if unsure.
- config COMPAT_BRK
- bool "Disable heap randomization"
- default y
- help
- Randomizing heap placement makes heap exploits harder, but it
- also breaks ancient binaries (including anything libc5 based).
- This option changes the bootup default to heap randomization
- disabled, and can be overridden at runtime by setting
- /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space to 2.
- On non-ancient distros (post-2000 ones) N is usually a safe choice.
- config MMAP_ALLOW_UNINITIALIZED
- bool "Allow mmapped anonymous memory to be uninitialized"
- depends on EXPERT && !MMU
- default n
- help
- Normally, and according to the Linux spec, anonymous memory obtained
- from mmap() has its contents cleared before it is passed to
- userspace. Enabling this config option allows you to request that
- mmap() skip that if it is given an MAP_UNINITIALIZED flag, thus
- providing a huge performance boost. If this option is not enabled,
- then the flag will be ignored.
- This is taken advantage of by uClibc's malloc(), and also by
- ELF-FDPIC binfmt's brk and stack allocator.
- Because of the obvious security issues, this option should only be
- enabled on embedded devices where you control what is run in
- userspace. Since that isn't generally a problem on no-MMU systems,
- it is normally safe to say Y here.
- See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/nommu-mmap.rst for more information.
- config SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL
- def_bool y
- depends on ARCH_SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL
- choice
- prompt "Memory model"
- depends on SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL
- default SPARSEMEM_MANUAL if ARCH_SPARSEMEM_DEFAULT
- default FLATMEM_MANUAL
- help
- This option allows you to change some of the ways that
- Linux manages its memory internally. Most users will
- only have one option here selected by the architecture
- configuration. This is normal.
- config FLATMEM_MANUAL
- bool "Flat Memory"
- depends on !ARCH_SPARSEMEM_ENABLE || ARCH_FLATMEM_ENABLE
- help
- This option is best suited for non-NUMA systems with
- flat address space. The FLATMEM is the most efficient
- system in terms of performance and resource consumption
- and it is the best option for smaller systems.
- For systems that have holes in their physical address
- spaces and for features like NUMA and memory hotplug,
- choose "Sparse Memory".
- If unsure, choose this option (Flat Memory) over any other.
- config SPARSEMEM_MANUAL
- bool "Sparse Memory"
- depends on ARCH_SPARSEMEM_ENABLE
- help
- This will be the only option for some systems, including
- memory hot-plug systems. This is normal.
- This option provides efficient support for systems with
- holes is their physical address space and allows memory
- hot-plug and hot-remove.
- If unsure, choose "Flat Memory" over this option.
- endchoice
- config SPARSEMEM
- def_bool y
- depends on (!SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL && ARCH_SPARSEMEM_ENABLE) || SPARSEMEM_MANUAL
- config FLATMEM
- def_bool y
- depends on !SPARSEMEM || FLATMEM_MANUAL
- #
- # SPARSEMEM_EXTREME (which is the default) does some bootmem
- # allocations when sparse_init() is called. If this cannot
- # be done on your architecture, select this option. However,
- # statically allocating the mem_section[] array can potentially
- # consume vast quantities of .bss, so be careful.
- #
- # This option will also potentially produce smaller runtime code
- # with gcc 3.4 and later.
- #
- config SPARSEMEM_STATIC
- bool
- #
- # Architecture platforms which require a two level mem_section in SPARSEMEM
- # must select this option. This is usually for architecture platforms with
- # an extremely sparse physical address space.
- #
- config SPARSEMEM_EXTREME
- def_bool y
- depends on SPARSEMEM && !SPARSEMEM_STATIC
- config SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP_ENABLE
- bool
- config SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
- def_bool y
- depends on SPARSEMEM && SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP_ENABLE
- help
- SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP uses a virtually mapped memmap to optimise
- pfn_to_page and page_to_pfn operations. This is the most
- efficient option when sufficient kernel resources are available.
- config SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP_PREINIT
- bool
- #
- # Select this config option from the architecture Kconfig, if it is preferred
- # to enable the feature of HugeTLB/dev_dax vmemmap optimization.
- #
- config ARCH_WANT_OPTIMIZE_DAX_VMEMMAP
- bool
- config ARCH_WANT_OPTIMIZE_HUGETLB_VMEMMAP
- bool
- config ARCH_WANT_HUGETLB_VMEMMAP_PREINIT
- bool
- config HAVE_MEMBLOCK_PHYS_MAP
- bool
- config HAVE_GUP_FAST
- depends on MMU
- bool
- # Enable memblock support for scratch memory which is needed for kexec handover
- config MEMBLOCK_KHO_SCRATCH
- bool
- # Don't discard allocated memory used to track "memory" and "reserved" memblocks
- # after early boot, so it can still be used to test for validity of memory.
- # Also, memblocks are updated with memory hot(un)plug.
- config ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK
- bool
- # Keep arch NUMA mapping infrastructure post-init.
- config NUMA_KEEP_MEMINFO
- bool
- config MEMORY_ISOLATION
- bool
- # IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM regions in the kernel resource tree that are marked
- # IORESOURCE_EXCLUSIVE cannot be mapped to user space, for example, via
- # /dev/mem.
- config EXCLUSIVE_SYSTEM_RAM
- def_bool y
- depends on !DEVMEM || STRICT_DEVMEM
- #
- # Only be set on architectures that have completely implemented memory hotplug
- # feature. If you are not sure, don't touch it.
- #
- config HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE
- def_bool n
- config ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
- bool
- config ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
- bool
- # eventually, we can have this option just 'select SPARSEMEM'
- menuconfig MEMORY_HOTPLUG
- bool "Memory hotplug"
- select MEMORY_ISOLATION
- depends on SPARSEMEM
- depends on ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
- depends on 64BIT
- select NUMA_KEEP_MEMINFO if NUMA
- if MEMORY_HOTPLUG
- choice
- prompt "Memory Hotplug Default Online Type"
- default MHP_DEFAULT_ONLINE_TYPE_OFFLINE
- help
- Default memory type for hotplugged memory.
- This option sets the default policy setting for memory hotplug
- onlining policy (/sys/devices/system/memory/auto_online_blocks) which
- determines what happens to newly added memory regions. Policy setting
- can always be changed at runtime.
- The default is 'offline'.
- Select offline to defer onlining to drivers and user policy.
- Select auto to let the kernel choose what zones to utilize.
- Select online_kernel to generally allow kernel usage of this memory.
- Select online_movable to generally disallow kernel usage of this memory.
- Example kernel usage would be page structs and page tables.
- See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/memory-hotplug.rst for more information.
- config MHP_DEFAULT_ONLINE_TYPE_OFFLINE
- bool "offline"
- help
- Hotplugged memory will not be onlined by default.
- Choose this for systems with drivers and user policy that
- handle onlining of hotplug memory policy.
- config MHP_DEFAULT_ONLINE_TYPE_ONLINE_AUTO
- bool "auto"
- help
- Select this if you want the kernel to automatically online
- hotplugged memory into the zone it thinks is reasonable.
- This memory may be utilized for kernel data.
- config MHP_DEFAULT_ONLINE_TYPE_ONLINE_KERNEL
- bool "kernel"
- help
- Select this if you want the kernel to automatically online
- hotplugged memory into a zone capable of being used for kernel
- data. This typically means ZONE_NORMAL.
- config MHP_DEFAULT_ONLINE_TYPE_ONLINE_MOVABLE
- bool "movable"
- help
- Select this if you want the kernel to automatically online
- hotplug memory into ZONE_MOVABLE. This memory will generally
- not be utilized for kernel data.
- This should only be used when the admin knows sufficient
- ZONE_NORMAL memory is available to describe hotplug memory,
- otherwise hotplug memory may fail to online. For example,
- sufficient kernel-capable memory (ZONE_NORMAL) must be
- available to allocate page structs to describe ZONE_MOVABLE.
- endchoice
- config MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
- bool "Allow for memory hot remove"
- select HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE if (X86_64 || PPC64)
- depends on MEMORY_HOTPLUG && ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
- depends on MIGRATION
- config MHP_MEMMAP_ON_MEMORY
- def_bool y
- depends on MEMORY_HOTPLUG && SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
- depends on ARCH_MHP_MEMMAP_ON_MEMORY_ENABLE
- endif # MEMORY_HOTPLUG
- config ARCH_MHP_MEMMAP_ON_MEMORY_ENABLE
- bool
- # Heavily threaded applications may benefit from splitting the mm-wide
- # page_table_lock, so that faults on different parts of the user address
- # space can be handled with less contention: split it at this NR_CPUS.
- # Default to 4 for wider testing, though 8 might be more appropriate.
- # ARM's adjust_pte (unused if VIPT) depends on mm-wide page_table_lock.
- # PA-RISC 7xxx's spinlock_t would enlarge struct page from 32 to 44 bytes.
- # SPARC32 allocates multiple pte tables within a single page, and therefore
- # a per-page lock leads to problems when multiple tables need to be locked
- # at the same time (e.g. copy_page_range()).
- # DEBUG_SPINLOCK and DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC spinlock_t also enlarge struct page.
- #
- config SPLIT_PTE_PTLOCKS
- def_bool y
- depends on MMU
- depends on SMP
- depends on NR_CPUS >= 4
- depends on !ARM || CPU_CACHE_VIPT
- depends on !PARISC || PA20
- depends on !SPARC32
- config ARCH_ENABLE_SPLIT_PMD_PTLOCK
- bool
- config SPLIT_PMD_PTLOCKS
- def_bool y
- depends on SPLIT_PTE_PTLOCKS && ARCH_ENABLE_SPLIT_PMD_PTLOCK
- #
- # support for memory balloon
- config BALLOON
- bool
- #
- # support for memory balloon page migration
- config BALLOON_MIGRATION
- bool "Allow for balloon memory migration"
- default y
- depends on MIGRATION && BALLOON
- help
- Allow for migration of pages inflated in a memory balloon such that
- they can be allocated from memory areas only available for movable
- allocations (e.g., ZONE_MOVABLE, CMA) and such that they can be
- migrated for memory defragmentation purposes by memory compaction.
- #
- # support for memory compaction
- config COMPACTION
- bool "Allow for memory compaction"
- default y
- select MIGRATION
- depends on MMU
- help
- Compaction is the only memory management component to form
- high order (larger physically contiguous) memory blocks
- reliably. The page allocator relies on compaction heavily and
- the lack of the feature can lead to unexpected OOM killer
- invocations for high order memory requests. You shouldn't
- disable this option unless there really is a strong reason for
- it and then we would be really interested to hear about that at
- linux-mm@kvack.org.
- config COMPACT_UNEVICTABLE_DEFAULT
- int
- depends on COMPACTION
- default 0 if PREEMPT_RT
- default 1
- #
- # support for free page reporting
- config PAGE_REPORTING
- bool "Free page reporting"
- help
- Free page reporting allows for the incremental acquisition of
- free pages from the buddy allocator for the purpose of reporting
- those pages to another entity, such as a hypervisor, so that the
- memory can be freed within the host for other uses.
- #
- # support for page migration
- #
- config MIGRATION
- bool "Page migration"
- default y
- depends on (NUMA || ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE || COMPACTION || CMA) && MMU
- help
- Allows the migration of the physical location of pages of processes
- while the virtual addresses are not changed. This is useful in
- two situations. The first is on NUMA systems to put pages nearer
- to the processors accessing. The second is when allocating huge
- pages as migration can relocate pages to satisfy a huge page
- allocation instead of reclaiming.
- config DEVICE_MIGRATION
- def_bool MIGRATION && ZONE_DEVICE
- config ARCH_ENABLE_HUGEPAGE_MIGRATION
- bool
- config ARCH_ENABLE_THP_MIGRATION
- bool
- config HUGETLB_PAGE_SIZE_VARIABLE
- def_bool n
- help
- Allows the pageblock_order value to be dynamic instead of just standard
- HUGETLB_PAGE_ORDER when there are multiple HugeTLB page sizes available
- on a platform.
- Note that the pageblock_order cannot exceed MAX_PAGE_ORDER and will be
- clamped down to MAX_PAGE_ORDER.
- config CONTIG_ALLOC
- def_bool (MEMORY_ISOLATION && COMPACTION) || CMA
- config PCP_BATCH_SCALE_MAX
- int "Maximum scale factor of PCP (Per-CPU pageset) batch allocate/free"
- default 5
- range 0 6
- help
- In page allocator, PCP (Per-CPU pageset) is refilled and drained in
- batches. The batch number is scaled automatically to improve page
- allocation/free throughput. But too large scale factor may hurt
- latency. This option sets the upper limit of scale factor to limit
- the maximum latency.
- config PHYS_ADDR_T_64BIT
- def_bool 64BIT
- config MMU_NOTIFIER
- bool
- select INTERVAL_TREE
- config KSM
- bool "Enable KSM for page merging"
- depends on MMU
- select XXHASH
- help
- Enable Kernel Samepage Merging: KSM periodically scans those areas
- of an application's address space that an app has advised may be
- mergeable. When it finds pages of identical content, it replaces
- the many instances by a single page with that content, so
- saving memory until one or another app needs to modify the content.
- Recommended for use with KVM, or with other duplicative applications.
- See Documentation/mm/ksm.rst for more information: KSM is inactive
- until a program has madvised that an area is MADV_MERGEABLE, and
- root has set /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/run to 1 (if CONFIG_SYSFS is set).
- config DEFAULT_MMAP_MIN_ADDR
- int "Low address space to protect from user allocation"
- depends on MMU
- default 4096
- help
- This is the portion of low virtual memory which should be protected
- from userspace allocation. Keeping a user from writing to low pages
- can help reduce the impact of kernel NULL pointer bugs.
- For most arm64, ppc64 and x86 users with lots of address space
- a value of 65536 is reasonable and should cause no problems.
- On arm and other archs it should not be higher than 32768.
- Programs which use vm86 functionality or have some need to map
- this low address space will need CAP_SYS_RAWIO or disable this
- protection by setting the value to 0.
- This value can be changed after boot using the
- /proc/sys/vm/mmap_min_addr tunable.
- config ARCH_SUPPORTS_MEMORY_FAILURE
- bool
- config MEMORY_FAILURE
- depends on MMU
- depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_MEMORY_FAILURE
- bool "Enable recovery from hardware memory errors"
- select INTERVAL_TREE
- help
- Enables code to recover from some memory failures on systems
- with MCA recovery. This allows a system to continue running
- even when some of its memory has uncorrected errors. This requires
- special hardware support and typically ECC memory.
- config HWPOISON_INJECT
- tristate "HWPoison pages injector"
- depends on MEMORY_FAILURE && DEBUG_KERNEL && PROC_FS
- select PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
- config NOMMU_INITIAL_TRIM_EXCESS
- int "Turn on mmap() excess space trimming before booting"
- depends on !MMU
- default 1
- help
- The NOMMU mmap() frequently needs to allocate large contiguous chunks
- of memory on which to store mappings, but it can only ask the system
- allocator for chunks in 2^N*PAGE_SIZE amounts - which is frequently
- more than it requires. To deal with this, mmap() is able to trim off
- the excess and return it to the allocator.
- If trimming is enabled, the excess is trimmed off and returned to the
- system allocator, which can cause extra fragmentation, particularly
- if there are a lot of transient processes.
- If trimming is disabled, the excess is kept, but not used, which for
- long-term mappings means that the space is wasted.
- Trimming can be dynamically controlled through a sysctl option
- (/proc/sys/vm/nr_trim_pages) which specifies the minimum number of
- excess pages there must be before trimming should occur, or zero if
- no trimming is to occur.
- This option specifies the initial value of this option. The default
- of 1 says that all excess pages should be trimmed.
- See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/nommu-mmap.rst for more information.
- config ARCH_WANT_GENERAL_HUGETLB
- bool
- config ARCH_WANTS_THP_SWAP
- def_bool n
- config PERSISTENT_HUGE_ZERO_FOLIO
- bool "Allocate a PMD sized folio for zeroing"
- depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
- help
- Enable this option to reduce the runtime refcounting overhead
- of the huge zero folio and expand the places in the kernel
- that can use huge zero folios. For instance, block I/O benefits
- from access to large folios for zeroing memory.
- With this option enabled, the huge zero folio is allocated
- once and never freed. One full huge page's worth of memory shall
- be used.
- Say Y if your system has lots of memory. Say N if you are
- memory constrained.
- config MM_ID
- def_bool n
- menuconfig TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
- bool "Transparent Hugepage Support"
- depends on HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE && !PREEMPT_RT
- select COMPACTION
- select XARRAY_MULTI
- select MM_ID
- help
- Transparent Hugepages allows the kernel to use huge pages and
- huge tlb transparently to the applications whenever possible.
- This feature can improve computing performance to certain
- applications by speeding up page faults during memory
- allocation, by reducing the number of tlb misses and by speeding
- up the pagetable walking.
- If memory constrained on embedded, you may want to say N.
- if TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
- choice
- prompt "Transparent Hugepage Support sysfs defaults"
- depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
- default TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_ALWAYS
- help
- Selects the sysfs defaults for Transparent Hugepage Support.
- config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_ALWAYS
- bool "always"
- help
- Enabling Transparent Hugepage always, can increase the
- memory footprint of applications without a guaranteed
- benefit but it will work automatically for all applications.
- config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_MADVISE
- bool "madvise"
- help
- Enabling Transparent Hugepage madvise, will only provide a
- performance improvement benefit to the applications using
- madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) but it won't risk to increase the
- memory footprint of applications without a guaranteed
- benefit.
- config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_NEVER
- bool "never"
- help
- Disable Transparent Hugepage by default. It can still be
- enabled at runtime via sysfs.
- endchoice
- choice
- prompt "Shmem hugepage allocation defaults"
- depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
- default TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_SHMEM_HUGE_NEVER
- help
- Selects the hugepage allocation policy defaults for
- the internal shmem mount.
- The selection made here can be overridden by using the kernel
- command line 'transparent_hugepage_shmem=' option.
- config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_SHMEM_HUGE_NEVER
- bool "never"
- help
- Disable hugepage allocation for shmem mount by default. It can
- still be enabled with the kernel command line
- 'transparent_hugepage_shmem=' option or at runtime via sysfs
- knob. Note that madvise(MADV_COLLAPSE) can still cause
- transparent huge pages to be obtained even if this mode is
- specified.
- config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_SHMEM_HUGE_ALWAYS
- bool "always"
- help
- Always attempt to allocate hugepage for shmem mount, can
- increase the memory footprint of applications without a
- guaranteed benefit but it will work automatically for all
- applications.
- config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_SHMEM_HUGE_WITHIN_SIZE
- bool "within_size"
- help
- Enable hugepage allocation for shmem mount if the allocation
- will be fully within the i_size. This configuration also takes
- into account any madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) hints that may be
- provided by the applications.
- config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_SHMEM_HUGE_ADVISE
- bool "advise"
- help
- Enable hugepage allocation for the shmem mount exclusively when
- applications supply the madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) hint.
- This ensures that hugepages are used only in response to explicit
- requests from applications.
- endchoice
- choice
- prompt "Tmpfs hugepage allocation defaults"
- depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
- default TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_TMPFS_HUGE_NEVER
- help
- Selects the hugepage allocation policy defaults for
- the tmpfs mount.
- The selection made here can be overridden by using the kernel
- command line 'transparent_hugepage_tmpfs=' option.
- config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_TMPFS_HUGE_NEVER
- bool "never"
- help
- Disable hugepage allocation for tmpfs mount by default. It can
- still be enabled with the kernel command line
- 'transparent_hugepage_tmpfs=' option. Note that
- madvise(MADV_COLLAPSE) can still cause transparent huge pages
- to be obtained even if this mode is specified.
- config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_TMPFS_HUGE_ALWAYS
- bool "always"
- help
- Always attempt to allocate hugepage for tmpfs mount, can
- increase the memory footprint of applications without a
- guaranteed benefit but it will work automatically for all
- applications.
- config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_TMPFS_HUGE_WITHIN_SIZE
- bool "within_size"
- help
- Enable hugepage allocation for tmpfs mount if the allocation
- will be fully within the i_size. This configuration also takes
- into account any madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) hints that may be
- provided by the applications.
- config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_TMPFS_HUGE_ADVISE
- bool "advise"
- help
- Enable hugepage allocation for the tmpfs mount exclusively when
- applications supply the madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) hint.
- This ensures that hugepages are used only in response to explicit
- requests from applications.
- endchoice
- config THP_SWAP
- def_bool y
- depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE && ARCH_WANTS_THP_SWAP && SWAP && 64BIT
- help
- Swap transparent huge pages in one piece, without splitting.
- XXX: For now, swap cluster backing transparent huge page
- will be split after swapout.
- For selection by architectures with reasonable THP sizes.
- config READ_ONLY_THP_FOR_FS
- bool "Read-only THP for filesystems (EXPERIMENTAL)"
- depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
- help
- Allow khugepaged to put read-only file-backed pages in THP.
- This is marked experimental because it is a new feature. Write
- support of file THPs will be developed in the next few release
- cycles.
- config NO_PAGE_MAPCOUNT
- bool "No per-page mapcount (EXPERIMENTAL)"
- help
- Do not maintain per-page mapcounts for pages part of larger
- allocations, such as transparent huge pages.
- When this config option is enabled, some interfaces that relied on
- this information will rely on less-precise per-allocation information
- instead: for example, using the average per-page mapcount in such
- a large allocation instead of the per-page mapcount.
- EXPERIMENTAL because the impact of some changes is still unclear.
- endif # TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
- # simple helper to make the code a bit easier to read
- config PAGE_MAPCOUNT
- def_bool !NO_PAGE_MAPCOUNT
- #
- # The architecture supports pgtable leaves that is larger than PAGE_SIZE
- #
- config PGTABLE_HAS_HUGE_LEAVES
- def_bool TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE || HUGETLB_PAGE
- #
- # We can end up creating gigantic folio.
- #
- config HAVE_GIGANTIC_FOLIOS
- def_bool (HUGETLB_PAGE && ARCH_HAS_GIGANTIC_PAGE) || \
- (ZONE_DEVICE && HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD)
- config ASYNC_KERNEL_PGTABLE_FREE
- def_bool n
- # TODO: Allow to be enabled without THP
- config ARCH_SUPPORTS_HUGE_PFNMAP
- def_bool n
- depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
- config ARCH_SUPPORTS_PMD_PFNMAP
- def_bool y
- depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_HUGE_PFNMAP && HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
- config ARCH_SUPPORTS_PUD_PFNMAP
- def_bool y
- depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_HUGE_PFNMAP && HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD
- #
- # Architectures that always use weak definitions for percpu
- # variables in modules should set this.
- #
- config ARCH_MODULE_NEEDS_WEAK_PER_CPU
- bool
- #
- # UP and nommu archs use km based percpu allocator
- #
- config NEED_PER_CPU_KM
- depends on !SMP || !MMU
- bool
- default y
- config NEED_PER_CPU_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK
- bool
- config NEED_PER_CPU_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK
- bool
- config USE_PERCPU_NUMA_NODE_ID
- bool
- config HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA
- bool
- config CMA
- bool "Contiguous Memory Allocator"
- depends on MMU
- select MIGRATION
- select MEMORY_ISOLATION
- help
- This enables the Contiguous Memory Allocator which allows other
- subsystems to allocate big physically-contiguous blocks of memory.
- CMA reserves a region of memory and allows only movable pages to
- be allocated from it. This way, the kernel can use the memory for
- pagecache and when a subsystem requests for contiguous area, the
- allocated pages are migrated away to serve the contiguous request.
- If unsure, say "n".
- config CMA_DEBUGFS
- bool "CMA debugfs interface"
- depends on CMA && DEBUG_FS
- help
- Turns on the DebugFS interface for CMA.
- config CMA_SYSFS
- bool "CMA information through sysfs interface"
- depends on CMA && SYSFS
- help
- This option exposes some sysfs attributes to get information
- from CMA.
- config CMA_AREAS
- int "Maximum count of the CMA areas"
- depends on CMA
- default 20 if NUMA
- default 8
- help
- CMA allows to create CMA areas for particular purpose, mainly,
- used as device private area. This parameter sets the maximum
- number of CMA area in the system.
- If unsure, leave the default value "8" in UMA and "20" in NUMA.
- #
- # Select this config option from the architecture Kconfig, if available, to set
- # the max page order for physically contiguous allocations.
- #
- config ARCH_FORCE_MAX_ORDER
- int
- #
- # When ARCH_FORCE_MAX_ORDER is not defined,
- # the default page block order is MAX_PAGE_ORDER (10) as per
- # include/linux/mmzone.h.
- #
- config PAGE_BLOCK_MAX_ORDER
- int "Page Block Order Upper Limit"
- range 1 10 if ARCH_FORCE_MAX_ORDER = 0
- default 10 if ARCH_FORCE_MAX_ORDER = 0
- range 1 ARCH_FORCE_MAX_ORDER if ARCH_FORCE_MAX_ORDER != 0
- default ARCH_FORCE_MAX_ORDER if ARCH_FORCE_MAX_ORDER != 0
- help
- The page block order refers to the power of two number of pages that
- are physically contiguous and can have a migrate type associated to
- them. The maximum size of the page block order is at least limited by
- ARCH_FORCE_MAX_ORDER/MAX_PAGE_ORDER.
- This config adds a new upper limit of default page block
- order when the page block order is required to be smaller than
- ARCH_FORCE_MAX_ORDER/MAX_PAGE_ORDER or other limits
- (see include/linux/pageblock-flags.h for details).
- Reducing pageblock order can negatively impact THP generation
- success rate. If your workloads use THP heavily, please use this
- option with caution.
- Don't change if unsure.
- config MEM_SOFT_DIRTY
- bool "Track memory changes"
- depends on CHECKPOINT_RESTORE && HAVE_ARCH_SOFT_DIRTY && PROC_FS
- select PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
- help
- This option enables memory changes tracking by introducing a
- soft-dirty bit on pte-s. This bit it set when someone writes
- into a page just as regular dirty bit, but unlike the latter
- it can be cleared by hands.
- See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/soft-dirty.rst for more details.
- config GENERIC_EARLY_IOREMAP
- bool
- config STACK_MAX_DEFAULT_SIZE_MB
- int "Default maximum user stack size for 32-bit processes (MB)"
- default 100
- range 8 2048
- depends on STACK_GROWSUP && (!64BIT || COMPAT)
- help
- This is the maximum stack size in Megabytes in the VM layout of 32-bit
- user processes when the stack grows upwards (currently only on parisc
- arch) when the RLIMIT_STACK hard limit is unlimited.
- A sane initial value is 100 MB.
- config DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT
- bool "Defer initialisation of struct pages to kthreads"
- depends on SPARSEMEM
- depends on !NEED_PER_CPU_KM
- depends on 64BIT
- depends on !KMSAN
- select PADATA
- help
- Ordinarily all struct pages are initialised during early boot in a
- single thread. On very large machines this can take a considerable
- amount of time. If this option is set, large machines will bring up
- a subset of memmap at boot and then initialise the rest in parallel.
- This has a potential performance impact on tasks running early in the
- lifetime of the system until these kthreads finish the
- initialisation.
- config PAGE_IDLE_FLAG
- bool
- select PAGE_EXTENSION if !64BIT
- help
- This adds PG_idle and PG_young flags to 'struct page'. PTE Accessed
- bit writers can set the state of the bit in the flags so that PTE
- Accessed bit readers may avoid disturbance.
- config IDLE_PAGE_TRACKING
- bool "Enable idle page tracking"
- depends on SYSFS && MMU
- select PAGE_IDLE_FLAG
- help
- This feature allows to estimate the amount of user pages that have
- not been touched during a given period of time. This information can
- be useful to tune memory cgroup limits and/or for job placement
- within a compute cluster.
- See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/idle_page_tracking.rst for
- more details.
- # Architectures which implement cpu_dcache_is_aliasing() to query
- # whether the data caches are aliased (VIVT or VIPT with dcache
- # aliasing) need to select this.
- config ARCH_HAS_CPU_CACHE_ALIASING
- bool
- config ARCH_HAS_CACHE_LINE_SIZE
- bool
- config ARCH_HAS_CURRENT_STACK_POINTER
- bool
- help
- In support of HARDENED_USERCOPY performing stack variable lifetime
- checking, an architecture-agnostic way to find the stack pointer
- is needed. Once an architecture defines an unsigned long global
- register alias named "current_stack_pointer", this config can be
- selected.
- config ARCH_HAS_ZONE_DMA_SET
- bool
- config ZONE_DMA
- bool "Support DMA zone" if ARCH_HAS_ZONE_DMA_SET
- default y if ARM64 || X86
- config ZONE_DMA32
- bool "Support DMA32 zone" if ARCH_HAS_ZONE_DMA_SET
- depends on !X86_32
- default y if ARM64
- config ZONE_DEVICE
- bool "Device memory (pmem, HMM, etc...) hotplug support"
- depends on MEMORY_HOTPLUG
- depends on MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
- depends on SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
- select XARRAY_MULTI
- help
- Device memory hotplug support allows for establishing pmem,
- or other device driver discovered memory regions, in the
- memmap. This allows pfn_to_page() lookups of otherwise
- "device-physical" addresses which is needed for DAX, PCI_P2PDMA, and
- DEVICE_PRIVATE features among others.
- Enabling this option will reduce the entropy of x86 KASLR memory
- regions. For example - on a 46 bit system, the entropy goes down
- from 16 bits to 15 bits. The actual reduction in entropy depends
- on the physical address bits, on processor features, kernel config
- (5 level page table) and physical memory present on the system.
- #
- # Helpers to mirror range of the CPU page tables of a process into device page
- # tables.
- #
- config HMM_MIRROR
- bool
- depends on MMU
- config GET_FREE_REGION
- bool
- config DEVICE_PRIVATE
- bool "Unaddressable device memory (GPU memory, ...)"
- depends on ZONE_DEVICE
- select GET_FREE_REGION
- help
- Allows creation of struct pages to represent unaddressable device
- memory; i.e., memory that is only accessible from the device (or
- group of devices). You likely also want to select HMM_MIRROR.
- config VMAP_PFN
- bool
- config ARCH_USES_HIGH_VMA_FLAGS
- bool
- config ARCH_HAS_PKEYS
- bool
- config ARCH_USES_PG_ARCH_2
- bool
- config ARCH_USES_PG_ARCH_3
- bool
- config VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
- default y
- bool "Enable VM event counters for /proc/vmstat" if EXPERT
- help
- VM event counters are needed for event counts to be shown.
- This option allows the disabling of the VM event counters
- on EXPERT systems. /proc/vmstat will only show page counts
- if VM event counters are disabled.
- config PERCPU_STATS
- bool "Collect percpu memory statistics"
- help
- This feature collects and exposes statistics via debugfs. The
- information includes global and per chunk statistics, which can
- be used to help understand percpu memory usage.
- config GUP_TEST
- bool "Enable infrastructure for get_user_pages()-related unit tests"
- depends on DEBUG_FS
- help
- Provides /sys/kernel/debug/gup_test, which in turn provides a way
- to make ioctl calls that can launch kernel-based unit tests for
- the get_user_pages*() and pin_user_pages*() family of API calls.
- These tests include benchmark testing of the _fast variants of
- get_user_pages*() and pin_user_pages*(), as well as smoke tests of
- the non-_fast variants.
- There is also a sub-test that allows running dump_page() on any
- of up to eight pages (selected by command line args) within the
- range of user-space addresses. These pages are either pinned via
- pin_user_pages*(), or pinned via get_user_pages*(), as specified
- by other command line arguments.
- See tools/testing/selftests/mm/gup_test.c
- comment "GUP_TEST needs to have DEBUG_FS enabled"
- depends on !GUP_TEST && !DEBUG_FS
- config GUP_GET_PXX_LOW_HIGH
- bool
- config DMAPOOL_TEST
- tristate "Enable a module to run time tests on dma_pool"
- depends on HAS_DMA
- help
- Provides a test module that will allocate and free many blocks of
- various sizes and report how long it takes. This is intended to
- provide a consistent way to measure how changes to the
- dma_pool_alloc/free routines affect performance.
- config ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL
- bool
- config MAPPING_DIRTY_HELPERS
- bool
- config KMAP_LOCAL
- bool
- config KMAP_LOCAL_NON_LINEAR_PTE_ARRAY
- bool
- config MEMFD_CREATE
- bool "Enable memfd_create() system call" if EXPERT
- config SECRETMEM
- default y
- bool "Enable memfd_secret() system call" if EXPERT
- depends on ARCH_HAS_SET_DIRECT_MAP
- help
- Enable the memfd_secret() system call with the ability to create
- memory areas visible only in the context of the owning process and
- not mapped to other processes and other kernel page tables.
- config ANON_VMA_NAME
- bool "Anonymous VMA name support"
- depends on PROC_FS && ADVISE_SYSCALLS && MMU
- help
- Allow naming anonymous virtual memory areas.
- This feature allows assigning names to virtual memory areas. Assigned
- names can be later retrieved from /proc/pid/maps and /proc/pid/smaps
- and help identifying individual anonymous memory areas.
- Assigning a name to anonymous virtual memory area might prevent that
- area from being merged with adjacent virtual memory areas due to the
- difference in their name.
- config HAVE_ARCH_USERFAULTFD_WP
- bool
- help
- Arch has userfaultfd write protection support
- config HAVE_ARCH_USERFAULTFD_MINOR
- bool
- help
- Arch has userfaultfd minor fault support
- menuconfig USERFAULTFD
- bool "Enable userfaultfd() system call"
- depends on MMU
- help
- Enable the userfaultfd() system call that allows to intercept and
- handle page faults in userland.
- if USERFAULTFD
- config PTE_MARKER_UFFD_WP
- bool "Userfaultfd write protection support for shmem/hugetlbfs"
- default y
- depends on HAVE_ARCH_USERFAULTFD_WP
- help
- Allows to create marker PTEs for userfaultfd write protection
- purposes. It is required to enable userfaultfd write protection on
- file-backed memory types like shmem and hugetlbfs.
- endif # USERFAULTFD
- # multi-gen LRU {
- config LRU_GEN
- bool "Multi-Gen LRU"
- depends on MMU
- # make sure folio->flags has enough spare bits
- depends on 64BIT || !SPARSEMEM || SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
- help
- A high performance LRU implementation to overcommit memory. See
- Documentation/admin-guide/mm/multigen_lru.rst for details.
- config LRU_GEN_ENABLED
- bool "Enable by default"
- depends on LRU_GEN
- help
- This option enables the multi-gen LRU by default.
- config LRU_GEN_STATS
- bool "Full stats for debugging"
- depends on LRU_GEN
- help
- Do not enable this option unless you plan to look at historical stats
- from evicted generations for debugging purpose.
- This option has a per-memcg and per-node memory overhead.
- config LRU_GEN_WALKS_MMU
- def_bool y
- depends on LRU_GEN && ARCH_HAS_HW_PTE_YOUNG
- # }
- config ARCH_SUPPORTS_PER_VMA_LOCK
- def_bool n
- config PER_VMA_LOCK
- def_bool y
- depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_PER_VMA_LOCK && MMU && SMP
- help
- Allow per-vma locking during page fault handling.
- This feature allows locking each virtual memory area separately when
- handling page faults instead of taking mmap_lock.
- config LOCK_MM_AND_FIND_VMA
- bool
- depends on !STACK_GROWSUP
- config IOMMU_MM_DATA
- bool
- config EXECMEM
- bool
- config NUMA_MEMBLKS
- bool
- config NUMA_EMU
- bool "NUMA emulation"
- depends on NUMA_MEMBLKS
- depends on X86 || GENERIC_ARCH_NUMA
- help
- Enable NUMA emulation. A flat machine will be split
- into virtual nodes when booted with "numa=fake=N", where N is the
- number of nodes. This is only useful for debugging.
- config ARCH_HAS_USER_SHADOW_STACK
- bool
- help
- The architecture has hardware support for userspace shadow call
- stacks (eg, x86 CET, arm64 GCS or RISC-V Zicfiss).
- config HAVE_ARCH_TLB_REMOVE_TABLE
- def_bool n
- config PT_RECLAIM
- def_bool y
- depends on MMU_GATHER_RCU_TABLE_FREE && !HAVE_ARCH_TLB_REMOVE_TABLE
- help
- Try to reclaim empty user page table pages in paths other than munmap
- and exit_mmap path.
- Note: now only empty user PTE page table pages will be reclaimed.
- config FIND_NORMAL_PAGE
- def_bool n
- config ARCH_HAS_LAZY_MMU_MODE
- bool
- help
- The architecture uses the lazy MMU mode. This allows changes to
- MMU-related architectural state to be deferred until the mode is
- exited. See <linux/pgtable.h> for details.
- config LAZY_MMU_MODE_KUNIT_TEST
- tristate "KUnit tests for the lazy MMU mode" if !KUNIT_ALL_TESTS
- depends on ARCH_HAS_LAZY_MMU_MODE
- depends on KUNIT
- default KUNIT_ALL_TESTS
- help
- Enable this option to check that the lazy MMU mode interface behaves
- as expected. Only tests for the generic interface are included (not
- architecture-specific behaviours).
- If unsure, say N.
- source "mm/damon/Kconfig"
- endmenu
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