ARK-OS/arkos/arkrt/ServiceManager.swift

//
// Copyright 2026 Aarav Ravindra Kharade
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//

import Foundation
#if canImport(Glibc)
import Glibc
#endif

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
//  ArkOS Service Manager
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
//  Manages system services defined by .serve configuration files.
//  Handles service lifecycle: discovery → dependency resolution →
//  ordered startup → health monitoring → respawn on crash.
//
//  Service files live at /system/services/*.serve and use a simple
//  key=value format:
//
//    name=display
//    exec=/system/ui_daemon
//    autostart=true
//    respawn=true
//    deps=<comma-separated dependency names>
//
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

// ── Service State Machine ─────────────────────────────────────────

/// Lifecycle states for a managed service.
public enum ServiceState: String {
    case stopped  = "STOPPED"   // Not running, not scheduled
    case starting = "STARTING"  // Fork issued, waiting for confirmation
    case running  = "RUNNING"   // Process is alive
    case failed   = "FAILED"    // Exited with non-zero status
}

// ── Service Definition ────────────────────────────────────────────

/// Represents a single ArkOS service parsed from a .serve config file.
struct ArkService {
    var name: String            // Unique service identifier
    var exec: String            // Absolute path to the executable
    var autostart: Bool         // Whether to start on boot
    var respawn: Bool           // Whether to restart on crash
    var deps: [String]          // Names of services this depends on
    var state: ServiceState     // Current lifecycle state
    var pid: pid_t = -1         // PID of the running process (-1 = not running)
    var restartCount: Int = 0   // Number of times this service has been restarted
    var lastExitCode: Int32 = 0 // Last exit status (for diagnostics)
}

// ── Service Manager ───────────────────────────────────────────────

/// Singleton service manager that discovers, starts, monitors, and
/// restarts all ArkOS system services.
class ServiceManager {
    static let shared = ServiceManager()

    /// Path to the directory containing .serve files inside the initramfs.
    private let servicesPath = "/system/services"

    /// All loaded services, keyed by name.
    var services: [String: ArkService] = [:]

    /// Maximum restart attempts before marking a service as FAILED.
    private let maxRestartAttempts = 5

    /// Delay between restart attempts (seconds). Increases with each
    /// failure to prevent rapid crash loops.
    private let baseRestartDelay: UInt32 = 1

    private init() {
        loadServices()
    }

    // ── Service Discovery ─────────────────────────────────────────

    /// Scans the services directory for .serve files and parses each one.
    func loadServices() {
        LogManager.log("ServiceManager: Scanning \(servicesPath) for .serve files...")

        guard let dir = opendir(servicesPath) else {
            LogManager.log("ServiceManager: Cannot open \(servicesPath)", level: .warn)
            return
        }
        defer { closedir(dir) }

        while let entry = readdir(dir) {
            let nameBytes = withUnsafeBytes(of: entry.pointee.d_name) {
                $0.bindMemory(to: CChar.self).map { $0 }
            }
            let nameString = String(cString: nameBytes)

            if nameString.hasSuffix(".serve") {
                parseService(at: servicesPath + "/" + nameString)
            }
        }

        LogManager.log("ServiceManager: Loaded \(services.count) service(s)")
    }

    // ── Config File Parser ────────────────────────────────────────

    /// Parses a single .serve configuration file into an ArkService.
    func parseService(at path: String) {
        guard let filePointer = fopen(path, "r") else {
            LogManager.log("ServiceManager: Cannot read \(path)", level: .error)
            return
        }
        defer { fclose(filePointer) }

        var name = ""
        var exec = ""
        var autostart = false
        var respawn = false
        var deps: [String] = []

        var lineBuffer: UnsafeMutablePointer<CChar>? = nil
        var lineCap: Int = 0

        while getline(&lineBuffer, &lineCap, filePointer) > 0 {
            guard let cString = lineBuffer else { continue }
            let line = String(cString: cString)
                .trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines)

            // Skip empty lines and comments
            if line.isEmpty || line.hasPrefix("#") { continue }

            let parts = line.split(separator: "=", maxSplits: 1)
                .map { String($0).trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespaces) }
            guard parts.count == 2 else { continue }

            let key = parts[0].lowercased()
            let value = parts[1]

            switch key {
            case "name":      name = value
            case "exec":      exec = value
            case "autostart": autostart = (value.lowercased() == "true")
            case "respawn":   respawn = (value.lowercased() == "true")
            case "deps":
                deps = value.split(separator: ",")
                    .map { String($0).trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespaces) }
            default: break
            }
        }

        if let buffer = lineBuffer { free(buffer) }

        guard !name.isEmpty, !exec.isEmpty else {
            LogManager.log("ServiceManager: Skipping invalid service at \(path)", level: .warn)
            return
        }

        let service = ArkService(
            name: name, exec: exec, autostart: autostart,
            respawn: respawn, deps: deps, state: .stopped
        )
        services[name] = service
        LogManager.log("ServiceManager: Registered '\(name)' [exec=\(exec), autostart=\(autostart), respawn=\(respawn), deps=\(deps)]")
    }

    // ── Dependency-Ordered Startup ────────────────────────────────

    /// Starts all autostart services in dependency order.
    /// Uses topological sort to ensure dependencies are started first.
    func startAllServices() {
        let ordered = topologicalSort()

        for name in ordered {
            guard let service = services[name], service.autostart else { continue }
            startService(name: name)

            // Give the service a moment to initialize before starting dependents
            usleep(200_000) // 200ms
        }
    }

    /// Returns service names in dependency order (dependencies first).
    /// Uses Kahn's algorithm for topological sorting.
    private func topologicalSort() -> [String] {
        var inDegree: [String: Int] = [:]
        var adjacency: [String: [String]] = [:]

        // Initialize all services
        for name in services.keys {
            inDegree[name] = 0
            adjacency[name] = []
        }

        // Build the dependency graph
        for (name, service) in services {
            for dep in service.deps {
                if services[dep] != nil {
                    adjacency[dep, default: []].append(name)
                    inDegree[name, default: 0] += 1
                } else {
                    LogManager.log("ServiceManager: '\(name)' depends on unknown service '\(dep)'", level: .warn)
                }
            }
        }

        // Kahn's algorithm: start with nodes that have no dependencies
        var queue: [String] = inDegree.filter { $0.value == 0 }.map { $0.key }.sorted()
        var result: [String] = []

        while !queue.isEmpty {
            let current = queue.removeFirst()
            result.append(current)

            for dependent in adjacency[current] ?? [] {
                inDegree[dependent, default: 0] -= 1
                if inDegree[dependent] == 0 {
                    queue.append(dependent)
                }
            }
        }

        // Any remaining services have circular dependencies — log and skip
        let missing = Set(services.keys).subtracting(result)
        if !missing.isEmpty {
            LogManager.log("ServiceManager: Circular dependency detected for: \(missing.sorted())", level: .error)
        }

        return result
    }

    // ── Service Lifecycle ─────────────────────────────────────────

    /// Starts a single service by name. Forks a child process, redirects
    /// I/O to /dev/ttyS0, and exec's the service binary.
    func startService(name: String) {
        guard var service = services[name] else {
            LogManager.log("ServiceManager: Unknown service '\(name)'", level: .error)
            return
        }

        // Check dependencies are running
        for dep in service.deps {
            if let depService = services[dep], depService.state != .running {
                LogManager.log("ServiceManager: Cannot start '\(name)' — dependency '\(dep)' is not running", level: .warn)
                return
            }
        }

        service.state = .starting
        services[name] = service
        LogManager.log("ServiceManager: Starting '\(name)' (\(service.exec))...")

        let pid = fork()
        if pid == 0 {
            // ── Child Process ──
            // Redirect stdout/stderr to /dev/ttyS0 for visibility
            let consoleFd = open("/dev/ttyS0", O_RDWR)
            if consoleFd >= 0 {
                dup2(consoleFd, 1)
                dup2(consoleFd, 2)
                if consoleFd > 2 { close(consoleFd) }
            }

            // Parse the exec line into arguments
            let args = service.exec.split(separator: " ").map { String($0) }
            var cArgs: [UnsafeMutablePointer<CChar>?] = args.map { strdup($0) }
            cArgs.append(nil)

            let env0 = strdup("PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/system")
            let env1 = strdup("HOME=/")
            let env2 = strdup("TERM=linux")
            let envp: [UnsafeMutablePointer<CChar>?] = [env0, env1, env2, nil]

            execve(cArgs[0]!, cArgs, envp)

            // execve only returns on failure
            let err = String(cString: strerror(errno))
            print("ServiceManager: execve failed for \(service.exec): \(err)")
            _exit(127)
        } else if pid > 0 {
            // ── Parent Process ──
            service.pid = pid
            service.state = .running
            services[name] = service

            // Write PID file for external monitoring tools
            writePidFile(name: name, pid: pid)

            LogManager.log("ServiceManager: '\(name)' started with PID \(pid)")
        } else {
            service.state = .failed
            services[name] = service
            LogManager.log("ServiceManager: fork() failed for '\(name)'", level: .error)
        }
    }

    /// Stops a running service by sending SIGTERM, then SIGKILL after 3 seconds.
    func stopService(name: String) {
        guard var service = services[name], service.pid > 0 else { return }

        LogManager.log("ServiceManager: Stopping '\(name)' (PID \(service.pid))...")
        kill(service.pid, SIGTERM)

        // Wait up to 3 seconds for graceful shutdown
        for _ in 0..<6 {
            var status: Int32 = 0
            let result = waitpid(service.pid, &status, WNOHANG)
            if result == service.pid {
                service.pid = -1
                service.state = .stopped
                services[name] = service
                removePidFile(name: name)
                LogManager.log("ServiceManager: '\(name)' stopped gracefully")
                return
            }
            usleep(500_000) // 500ms
        }

        // Force kill if still running
        kill(service.pid, SIGKILL)
        var status: Int32 = 0
        waitpid(service.pid, &status, 0)
        service.pid = -1
        service.state = .stopped
        services[name] = service
        removePidFile(name: name)
        LogManager.log("ServiceManager: '\(name)' force-killed (SIGKILL)", level: .warn)
    }

    // ── Health Monitoring ─────────────────────────────────────────

    /// Checks all running services for unexpected exits and respawns
    /// them if configured. Called periodically from the main run loop.
    func monitorServices() {
        for (name, service) in services {
            guard service.pid > 0 else { continue }

            var status: Int32 = 0
            let result = waitpid(service.pid, &status, WNOHANG)

            if result == service.pid {
                // Service exited
                let exitCode = (status >> 8) & 0xFF
                services[name]?.pid = -1
                services[name]?.lastExitCode = Int32(exitCode)
                removePidFile(name: name)

                if exitCode == 0 {
                    services[name]?.state = .stopped
                    LogManager.log("ServiceManager: '\(name)' exited cleanly")
                } else {
                    services[name]?.state = .failed
                    LogManager.log("ServiceManager: '\(name)' crashed (exit \(exitCode))", level: .error)

                    // Respawn with backoff if configured
                    if service.respawn && service.restartCount < maxRestartAttempts {
                        let delay = baseRestartDelay * UInt32(service.restartCount + 1)
                        LogManager.log("ServiceManager: Respawning '\(name)' in \(delay)s (attempt \(service.restartCount + 1)/\(maxRestartAttempts))")
                        services[name]?.restartCount += 1
                        sleep(delay)
                        startService(name: name)
                    } else if service.restartCount >= maxRestartAttempts {
                        LogManager.log("ServiceManager: '\(name)' exceeded max restart attempts — giving up", level: .error)
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /// Returns a human-readable status summary of all services.
    func getStatusReport() -> String {
        var lines: [String] = ["=== ArkOS Service Status ==="]
        for (name, service) in services.sorted(by: { $0.key < $1.key }) {
            let pidStr = service.pid > 0 ? "PID \(service.pid)" : "---"
            lines.append("  \(name): \(service.state.rawValue) [\(pidStr)] restarts=\(service.restartCount)")
        }
        return lines.joined(separator: "\n")
    }

    // ── PID File Management ───────────────────────────────────────

    /// Write a PID file to /run/ for external monitoring.
    private func writePidFile(name: String, pid: pid_t) {
        let path = "/run/\(name).pid"
        if let fp = fopen(path, "w") {
            fputs("\(pid)\n", fp)
            fclose(fp)
        }
    }

    /// Remove the PID file when a service stops.
    private func removePidFile(name: String) {
        let path = "/run/\(name).pid"
        unlink(path)
    }
}