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- # flamegraph.py - create flame graphs from perf samples
- # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
- #
- # Usage:
- #
- # perf record -a -g -F 99 sleep 60
- # perf script report flamegraph
- #
- # Combined:
- #
- # perf script flamegraph -a -F 99 sleep 60
- #
- # Written by Andreas Gerstmayr <agerstmayr@redhat.com>
- # Flame Graphs invented by Brendan Gregg <bgregg@netflix.com>
- # Works in tandem with d3-flame-graph by Martin Spier <mspier@netflix.com>
- #
- # pylint: disable=missing-module-docstring
- # pylint: disable=missing-class-docstring
- # pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
- import argparse
- import hashlib
- import io
- import json
- import os
- import subprocess
- import sys
- from typing import Dict, Optional, Union
- import urllib.request
- MINIMAL_HTML = """<head>
- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/d3-flame-graph@4.1.3/dist/d3-flamegraph.css">
- </head>
- <body>
- <div id="chart"></div>
- <script type="text/javascript" src="https://d3js.org/d3.v7.js"></script>
- <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/d3-flame-graph@4.1.3/dist/d3-flamegraph.min.js"></script>
- <script type="text/javascript">
- const stacks = [/** @flamegraph_json **/];
- // Note, options is unused.
- const options = [/** @options_json **/];
- var chart = flamegraph();
- d3.select("#chart")
- .datum(stacks[0])
- .call(chart);
- </script>
- </body>
- """
- # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
- class Node:
- def __init__(self, name: str, libtype: str):
- self.name = name
- # "root" | "kernel" | ""
- # "" indicates user space
- self.libtype = libtype
- self.value: int = 0
- self.children: list[Node] = []
- def to_json(self) -> Dict[str, Union[str, int, list[Dict]]]:
- return {
- "n": self.name,
- "l": self.libtype,
- "v": self.value,
- "c": [x.to_json() for x in self.children]
- }
- class FlameGraphCLI:
- def __init__(self, args):
- self.args = args
- self.stack = Node("all", "root")
- @staticmethod
- def get_libtype_from_dso(dso: Optional[str]) -> str:
- """
- when kernel-debuginfo is installed,
- dso points to /usr/lib/debug/lib/modules/*/vmlinux
- """
- if dso and (dso == "[kernel.kallsyms]" or dso.endswith("/vmlinux")):
- return "kernel"
- return ""
- @staticmethod
- def find_or_create_node(node: Node, name: str, libtype: str) -> Node:
- for child in node.children:
- if child.name == name:
- return child
- child = Node(name, libtype)
- node.children.append(child)
- return child
- def process_event(self, event) -> None:
- # ignore events where the event name does not match
- # the one specified by the user
- if self.args.event_name and event.get("ev_name") != self.args.event_name:
- return
- pid = event.get("sample", {}).get("pid", 0)
- # event["dso"] sometimes contains /usr/lib/debug/lib/modules/*/vmlinux
- # for user-space processes; let's use pid for kernel or user-space distinction
- if pid == 0:
- comm = event["comm"]
- libtype = "kernel"
- else:
- comm = f"{event['comm']} ({pid})"
- libtype = ""
- node = self.find_or_create_node(self.stack, comm, libtype)
- if "callchain" in event:
- for entry in reversed(event["callchain"]):
- name = entry.get("sym", {}).get("name", "[unknown]")
- libtype = self.get_libtype_from_dso(entry.get("dso"))
- node = self.find_or_create_node(node, name, libtype)
- else:
- name = event.get("symbol", "[unknown]")
- libtype = self.get_libtype_from_dso(event.get("dso"))
- node = self.find_or_create_node(node, name, libtype)
- node.value += 1
- def get_report_header(self) -> str:
- if self.args.input == "-":
- # when this script is invoked with "perf script flamegraph",
- # no perf.data is created and we cannot read the header of it
- return ""
- try:
- # if the file name other than perf.data is given,
- # we read the header of that file
- if self.args.input:
- output = subprocess.check_output(["perf", "report", "--header-only",
- "-i", self.args.input])
- else:
- output = subprocess.check_output(["perf", "report", "--header-only"])
- result = output.decode("utf-8")
- if self.args.event_name:
- result += "\nFocused event: " + self.args.event_name
- return result
- except Exception as err: # pylint: disable=broad-except
- print(f"Error reading report header: {err}", file=sys.stderr)
- return ""
- def trace_end(self) -> None:
- stacks_json = json.dumps(self.stack, default=lambda x: x.to_json())
- if self.args.format == "html":
- report_header = self.get_report_header()
- options = {
- "colorscheme": self.args.colorscheme,
- "context": report_header
- }
- options_json = json.dumps(options)
- template_md5sum = None
- if self.args.format == "html":
- if os.path.isfile(self.args.template):
- template = f"file://{self.args.template}"
- else:
- if not self.args.allow_download:
- print(f"""Warning: Flame Graph template '{self.args.template}'
- does not exist. To avoid this please install a package such as the
- js-d3-flame-graph or libjs-d3-flame-graph, specify an existing flame
- graph template (--template PATH) or use another output format (--format
- FORMAT).""",
- file=sys.stderr)
- if self.args.input == "-":
- print(
- """Not attempting to download Flame Graph template as script command line
- input is disabled due to using live mode. If you want to download the
- template retry without live mode. For example, use 'perf record -a -g
- -F 99 sleep 60' and 'perf script report flamegraph'. Alternatively,
- download the template from:
- https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/d3-flame-graph@4.1.3/dist/templates/d3-flamegraph-base.html
- and place it at:
- /usr/share/d3-flame-graph/d3-flamegraph-base.html""",
- file=sys.stderr)
- sys.exit(1)
- s = None
- while s not in ["y", "n"]:
- s = input("Do you wish to download a template from cdn.jsdelivr.net?" +
- "(this warning can be suppressed with --allow-download) [yn] "
- ).lower()
- if s == "n":
- sys.exit(1)
- template = ("https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/d3-flame-graph@4.1.3/dist/templates/"
- "d3-flamegraph-base.html")
- template_md5sum = "143e0d06ba69b8370b9848dcd6ae3f36"
- try:
- with urllib.request.urlopen(template) as url_template:
- output_str = "".join([
- l.decode("utf-8") for l in url_template.readlines()
- ])
- except Exception as err:
- print(f"Error reading template {template}: {err}\n"
- "a minimal flame graph will be generated", file=sys.stderr)
- output_str = MINIMAL_HTML
- template_md5sum = None
- if template_md5sum:
- download_md5sum = hashlib.md5(output_str.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()
- if download_md5sum != template_md5sum:
- s = None
- while s not in ["y", "n"]:
- s = input(f"""Unexpected template md5sum.
- {download_md5sum} != {template_md5sum}, for:
- {output_str}
- continue?[yn] """).lower()
- if s == "n":
- sys.exit(1)
- output_str = output_str.replace("/** @options_json **/", options_json)
- output_str = output_str.replace("/** @flamegraph_json **/", stacks_json)
- output_fn = self.args.output or "flamegraph.html"
- else:
- output_str = stacks_json
- output_fn = self.args.output or "stacks.json"
- if output_fn == "-":
- with io.open(sys.stdout.fileno(), "w", encoding="utf-8", closefd=False) as out:
- out.write(output_str)
- else:
- print(f"dumping data to {output_fn}")
- try:
- with io.open(output_fn, "w", encoding="utf-8") as out:
- out.write(output_str)
- except IOError as err:
- print(f"Error writing output file: {err}", file=sys.stderr)
- sys.exit(1)
- if __name__ == "__main__":
- parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Create flame graphs.")
- parser.add_argument("-f", "--format",
- default="html", choices=["json", "html"],
- help="output file format")
- parser.add_argument("-o", "--output",
- help="output file name")
- parser.add_argument("--template",
- default="/usr/share/d3-flame-graph/d3-flamegraph-base.html",
- help="path to flame graph HTML template")
- parser.add_argument("--colorscheme",
- default="blue-green",
- help="flame graph color scheme",
- choices=["blue-green", "orange"])
- parser.add_argument("-i", "--input",
- help=argparse.SUPPRESS)
- parser.add_argument("--allow-download",
- default=False,
- action="store_true",
- help="allow unprompted downloading of HTML template")
- parser.add_argument("-e", "--event",
- default="",
- dest="event_name",
- type=str,
- help="specify the event to generate flamegraph for")
- cli_args = parser.parse_args()
- cli = FlameGraphCLI(cli_args)
- process_event = cli.process_event
- trace_end = cli.trace_end
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