/*
 This source file is part of the Swift System open source project

 Copyright (c) 2020 - 2024 Apple Inc. and the Swift System project authors
 Licensed under Apache License v2.0 with Runtime Library Exception

 See https://swift.org/LICENSE.txt for license information
*/

// MARK: - API

@available(System 0.0.2, *)
extension FilePath {
  /// Represents a root of a file path.
  ///
  /// On Unix, a root is simply the directory separator `/`.
  ///
  /// On Windows, a root contains the entire path prefix up to and including
  /// the final separator.
  ///
  /// Examples:
  /// * Unix:
  ///   * `/`
  /// * Windows:
  ///   * `C:\`
  ///   * `C:`
  ///   * `\`
  ///   * `\\server\share\`
  ///   * `\\?\UNC\server\share\`
  ///   * `\\?\Volume{12345678-abcd-1111-2222-123445789abc}\`
  @available(System 0.0.2, *)
  public struct Root: Sendable {
    internal var _path: FilePath
    internal var _rootEnd: SystemString.Index

    internal init(_ path: FilePath, rootEnd: SystemString.Index) {
      self._path = path
      self._rootEnd = rootEnd
      _invariantCheck()
    }
    // TODO: Definitely want a small form for this on Windows,
    // and intern "/" for Unix.
  }

  /// Represents an individual, non-root component of a file path.
  ///
  /// Components can be one of the special directory components (`.` or `..`)
  /// or a file or directory name. Components are never empty and never
  /// contain the directory separator.
  ///
  /// Example:
  ///
  ///     var path: FilePath = "/tmp"
  ///     let file: FilePath.Component = "foo.txt"
  ///     file.kind == .regular           // true
  ///     file.extension                  // "txt"
  ///     path.append(file)               // path is "/tmp/foo.txt"
  @available(System 0.0.2, *)
  public struct Component: Sendable {
    internal var _path: FilePath
    internal var _range: Range<SystemString.Index>

    // TODO: Make a small-component form to save on ARC overhead when
    // extracted from a path, and especially to save on allocation overhead
    // when constructing one from a String literal.

    internal init<RE: RangeExpression>(_ path: FilePath, _ range: RE)
    where RE.Bound == SystemString.Index {
      self._path = path
      self._range = range.relative(to: path._storage)
      precondition(!self._range.isEmpty, "FilePath components cannot be empty")
      self._invariantCheck()
    }
  }
}

@available(System 0.0.2, *)
extension FilePath.Component {

  /// Whether a component is a regular file or directory name, or a special
  /// directory `.` or `..`
  @frozen
  @available(System 0.0.2, *)
  public enum Kind: Sendable {
    /// The special directory `.`, representing the current directory.
    case currentDirectory

    /// The special directory `..`, representing the parent directory.
    case parentDirectory

    /// A file or directory name
    case regular
  }

  /// The kind of this component
  public var kind: Kind {
    if _path._isCurrentDirectory(_range) { return .currentDirectory }
    if _path._isParentDirectory(_range) { return .parentDirectory }
    return .regular
  }
}

@available(System 0.0.2, *)
extension FilePath.Root {
  // TODO: Windows analysis APIs
}

// MARK: - Internals

extension SystemString {
  // TODO: take insertLeadingSlash: Bool
  // TODO: turn into an insert operation with slide
  internal mutating func appendComponents<C: Collection>(
    components: C
  ) where C.Element == FilePath.Component {
    // TODO(perf): Consider pre-pass to count capacity, slide

    defer {
      _removeTrailingSeparator()
      FilePath(self)._invariantCheck()
    }

    for idx in components.indices {
      let component = components[idx]
      component._withSystemChars { self.append(contentsOf: $0) }
      self.append(platformSeparator)
    }
  }
}

// Unifying protocol for common functionality between roots, components,
// and views onto SystemString and FilePath.
internal protocol _StrSlice: _PlatformStringable, Hashable, Codable {
  var _storage: SystemString { get }
  var _range: Range<SystemString.Index> { get }

  init?(_ str: SystemString)

  func _invariantCheck()
}
extension _StrSlice {
  internal var _slice: Slice<SystemString> {
    Slice(base: _storage, bounds: _range)
  }

  internal func _withSystemChars<T>(
    _ f: (UnsafeBufferPointer<SystemChar>) throws -> T
  ) rethrows -> T {
    try _storage.withNullTerminatedSystemChars {
      try f(UnsafeBufferPointer(rebasing: $0[_range]))
    }
  }
  internal func _withCodeUnits<T>(
    _ f: (UnsafeBufferPointer<CInterop.PlatformUnicodeEncoding.CodeUnit>) throws -> T
  ) rethrows -> T {
    try _slice.withCodeUnits(f)
  }

  internal init?(_platformString s: UnsafePointer<CInterop.PlatformChar>) {
    self.init(SystemString(platformString: s))
  }

  internal func _withPlatformString<Result>(
    _ body: (UnsafePointer<CInterop.PlatformChar>) throws -> Result
  ) rethrows -> Result {
    try _slice.withPlatformString(body)
  }

  internal var _systemString: SystemString { SystemString(_slice) }
}
extension _StrSlice {
  public static func == (lhs: Self, rhs: Self) -> Bool {
    lhs._slice.elementsEqual(rhs._slice)
  }
  public func hash(into hasher: inout Hasher) {
    hasher.combine(_slice.count) // discriminator
    for element in _slice {
      hasher.combine(element)
    }
  }
}
internal protocol _PathSlice: _StrSlice {
  var _path: FilePath { get }
}
extension _PathSlice {
  internal var _storage: SystemString { _path._storage }
}

@available(System 0.0.2, *)
extension FilePath.Component: _PathSlice {
}
@available(System 0.0.2, *)
extension FilePath.Root: _PathSlice {
  internal var _range: Range<SystemString.Index> {
    (..<_rootEnd).relative(to: _path._storage)
  }
}

@available(System 0.0.1, *)
extension FilePath: _PlatformStringable {
  func _withPlatformString<Result>(_ body: (UnsafePointer<CInterop.PlatformChar>) throws -> Result) rethrows -> Result {
    try _storage.withPlatformString(body)
  }

  init(_platformString: UnsafePointer<CInterop.PlatformChar>) {
    self.init(SystemString(platformString: _platformString))
  }

}

@available(System 0.0.2, *)
extension FilePath.Component {
  // The index of the `.` denoting an extension
  internal func _extensionIndex() -> SystemString.Index? {
    guard kind == .regular,
          let idx = _slice.lastIndex(of: .dot),
          idx != _slice.startIndex
    else { return nil }

    return idx
  }

  internal func _extensionRange() -> Range<SystemString.Index>? {
    guard let idx = _extensionIndex() else { return nil }
    return _slice.index(after: idx) ..< _slice.endIndex
  }

  internal func _stemRange() -> Range<SystemString.Index> {
    _slice.startIndex ..< (_extensionIndex() ?? _slice.endIndex)
  }
}

internal func _makeExtension(_ ext: String) -> SystemString {
  var result = SystemString()
  result.append(.dot)
  result.append(contentsOf: ext.unicodeScalars.lazy.map(SystemChar.init))
  return result
}

@available(System 0.0.2, *)
extension FilePath.Component {
  internal init?(_ str: SystemString) {
    // FIXME: explicit null root? Or something else?
    let path = FilePath(str)
    guard path.root == nil, path.components.count == 1 else {
      return nil
    }
    self = path.components.first!
    self._invariantCheck()
  }
}

@available(System 0.0.2, *)
extension FilePath.Root {
  internal init?(_ str: SystemString) {
    // FIXME: explicit null root? Or something else?
    let path = FilePath(str)
    guard path.root != nil, path.components.isEmpty else {
      return nil
    }
    self = path.root!
    self._invariantCheck()
  }
}

// MARK: - Invariants

@available(System 0.0.2, *)
extension FilePath.Component {
  // TODO: ensure this all gets easily optimized away in release...
  internal func _invariantCheck() {
    #if DEBUG
    precondition(!_slice.isEmpty)
    precondition(_slice.last != .null)
    precondition(_slice.allSatisfy { !isSeparator($0) } )
    precondition(_path._relativeStart <= _slice.startIndex)
    #endif // DEBUG
  }
}

@available(System 0.0.2, *)
extension FilePath.Root {
  internal func _invariantCheck() {
    #if DEBUG
    precondition(self._rootEnd > _path._storage.startIndex)

    // TODO: Windows root invariants
    #endif
  }
}